The reality of cybersecurity today is that not every alert that looks like a breach actually is one. Sometimes, publicly available information can be misinterpreted as evidence of compromise. That’s precisely what happened when a well-intentioned external researcher found and shared a screenshot showing sensitive firewall data on the dark web, which included a command-line interface, SSL/TLS certificate details, and a login banner.

At face value, this kind of exposure can trigger an alarm. However, when Adlumin’s MDR team investigated, it became clear that nothing had been exploited. The images posted were publicly available, and no unauthorized access had occurred.

This scenario underscores a critical distinction: context is critical. In this blog, we break down what happened, how our SOC team approached the investigation, and what security professionals can learn about interpreting pen-source intelligence (OSINT), managing false alarms, and maintaining focus in the face of perceived threats.

SOC Response in Action

When a potential breach is reported, speed matters, but so does perspective. Adlumin’s MDR team was alerted of a potential compromise and jumped in immediately to investigate the situation. The goal wasn’t only to determine whether there was a breach, but to help the customer move from panic to deeper understanding.

A threat researcher discovered a screenshot showing what appeared to be the command-line interface of the organization’s firewall. Alongside it were SSL/TLS certificate details and the login banner from the firewall’s portal. From the outside, it looked like a breach, so he contacted the organization. Alarmed by the potential incident, the MDR team dug to unpack what had happened. From the start, there were clear indicators that the screenshot wasn’t what it seemed.

The CLI interface included labeling and naming conventions that didn’t align with the customer’s environment. After validating with the customer, the team confirmed that the hostname shown wasn’t one they used, and the interface didn’t match their production naming standards or known configurations. The screenshot also referenced the year 2023, which didn’t align with any current activity in their environment.

Further investigation confirmed that the firewall interface was publicly accessible from the internet and displayed the login page without requiring authentication. The portal was accessible for anyone to view the banner and capture a screenshot. The SSL/TLS certificate details were public by design. When we performed a port scan, the MDR team found the same open ports referenced in the report were all externally accessible, which allowed the login prompt to appear.

Assessing the Evidence: What Was Found

This wasn’t a breach; it was OSINT being leveraged and shared publicly. The information itself, certificate details, login banners, and interface screenshot, were accessible without exploiting any vulnerabilities. However, what raised concern wasn’t just the visibility of the data, but the fact that an external actor had posted it online.

While it’s hard to know their exact intentions, one plausible motive could have been to create pressure and uncertainty or even set the stage for financial extortion. No harm was done to the customer in this case, but the situation highlighted how easily publicly available data can spark confusion and urgency, especially when framed with just enough ambiguity to suggest something more sinister.
This incident revealed something the MDR team is seeing more often: psychological disruption caused not by actual breaches, but by the appearance of compromise. The modern threat landscape isn’t just shaped by malware and exploits but by fear, uncertainty, and doubt.

Even when a threat turns out to be benign, the perception of a breach can be just as disruptive. The story your brain writes in those first few seconds—the heart racing, the worst-case scenario flashing before your eyes can hijack decision-making and derail focus. That, too, is a form of risk. The job of an MDR team is to help organizations manage not just threats, but reactions to threats. To be the steady voice that distinguishes signal from noise.

While the original alert turned out to be a false positive, the incident did lead us to something worth acting on. During a broader OSINT perimeter scan, our analysts identified two unpatched CVEs affecting the customer’s firewall software. These weren’t currently being exploited, but they represented a genuine exposure if left unresolved.

The team brought the findings to the customer’s firewall team right away. Patches were applied, mitigations put in place, and what started as a psychological scare turned into a meaningful step forward in the organization’s security posture.

Context is Essential

The real value of this story wasn’t just proving there was no breach. It was guiding the customer through why it wasn’t a breach, how the situation unfolded, and what steps could reduce risk moving forward. We walked them through every detail, explaining the nature of OSINT, unpacking the emotional impact, and identifying the real vulnerabilities that needed attention. What started as confusion ended with confidence.

This is the power of a true SOC partnership. It goes beyond reacting to threats and helps teams navigate uncertainty with context, clarity, and trust.

We are seeing a growing trend where adversaries and even well-meaning researchers use publicly available information to make it appear like a breach has occurred. It is not a misunderstanding. It is a tactic designed to provoke fear, urgency, and distraction. In these moments, the perceived threat can become a reality.

In today’s environment, not every alarming screenshot is a sign of compromise. But every incident is a chance to learn, reduce exposure, and strengthen your defenses. When fear enters the equation, your SOC should be your anchor—ready to investigate, explain, and guide you through the noise.

Want to learn more about what Adlumin’s MDR team is seeing in 2025?